Naturalness of verbs in Kupang Malay language
Keywords:
morphology, naturalness, verbs, Kupang, Malay languageAbstract
This paper investigates the naturalness of verbs in Kupang Malay Language (KML). It is introductory research that aims at knowing which verb is more natural: active verbs or passive verbs. The researcher conducted the current study using Morphological Naturalness (MN) Theory proposed by Mayerthaler (1981). Data of KML were taken randomly from Alkitab Bahasa Kupang, Tapaleuk column in Pos Kupang Newspaper, and directly from KML speakers. After gaining data, it was discussed using the descriptive qualitative method. The finding of the current research is as follows. Most active verbs in KML have got morphological markedness while passive verbs have not got markedness at all. Therefore, it is stated that passive verbs in KML are more natural than active verbs. The finding of the current research is proposed to be a pilot project in investigating the origin of KML, as an Austronesia language.
Downloads
References
Alias, N., Rosman, F., Rahman, M. N. A., & Dewitt, D. (2015). The potential of video game in Malay language learning for foreign students in a public higher education institution. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 1020-1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.573
Aman, I., Awal, N. M., & Jaafar, M. F. (2014). Discourse strategies of science and technology academic texts: A Malay language account. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 344-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.339
Arroyo, M., Lopez-Manchado, M. A., Valentin, J. L., & Carretero, J. (2007). Morphology/behaviour relationship of nanocomposites based on natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends. Composites science and technology, 67(7-8), 1330-1339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.09.019
Blust, R. (1978). Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: a subgrouping argument (pp. 181-234). Verlag nicht ermittelbar.
Blust, R. (1993). Austronesian sibling terms and culture history. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, (1ste Afl), 22-76.
Blust, R. (1993). Central and central-eastern Malayo-Polynesian. Oceanic Linguistics, 241-293.
Blust, R. (1993). Kelabit-english vocabulary. The Sarawak Museum Journal, 44(65), 141.
Bowden, J. (2005). Language contact and metatypic restructuring in the directional system of North Maluku Malay. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics, 31(2), 133-158.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Sage.
Dressler, W. U. (2003). 12 Naturalness and Morphological Change. The handbook of historical linguistics, 461.
Dressler, W. U., & Karpf, A. (1995). The theoretical relevance of pre-and protomorphology in language acquisition. In Yearbook of Morphology 1994 (pp. 99-122). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3714-2_4
Grimes, B. F. (2000). Ethnologue: languages of the world, 14* ed. Dallas, Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Grimes, C. E. (2000). Introduction: New information filling old gaps in eastern Indonesia. Spices from the East: Papers in Languages of Eastern Indonesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 503, 1-8.
Grimes, C. E., Therik, T., Grimes, B. D., & Jacob, M. (1997). A guide to the people and languages of Nusa Tenggara. Paradigma B–1. Kupang: Artha Wacana Press.
Iacob, I., & Grimes, C. E. (2011). Aspect and directionality in Kupang Malay. Creoles, their Substrates, and Language Typology, 95, 337.
Jacob, J. A., & Grimes, C. E. (2011). Aspect and directionality in Kupang Malay serial verb constructions: Calquing on the grammars of substrate languages. Creoles, their substrates, and language typology, 337-366.
Jacob, J., & Grimes, C. E. (2003). Kamus Pengantar Bahasa Kupang [Introductory Dictionary of the Kupang Language](Paradigma Centre for Regional Studies, Series B, No. 10).
Jacob, J., & Grimes, C. W. (2003). Kamus pengantar bahasa Kupang. Artha Wacana Press.
Janji Baru. (2007). Alkitab Bahasa Kupang. Kupang : Unit Bahasa dan Budaya.
John, D. A. F. (2015). Language choice and ideology: Examining the use of the Malay language in English newspaper advertisements in Malaysia. Language & Communication, 43, 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2015.05.004
Kimura, S., Koenig, D., Kang, J., Yoong, F. Y., & Sinha, N. (2008). Natural variation in leaf morphology results from mutation of a novel KNOX gene. Current Biology, 18(9), 672-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.008
Latupeirissa, D. S. (2016). Reduplikasi dalam Bahasa Melayu Kupang. In Prosiding SNBI IX. Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.
Latupeirissa, D. S. (2017). Pola Semantis Serialisasi Verba dalam Bahasa Melayu Kupang. Paper presented in Seminar Nasional Bahasa Ibu X. Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.
Mahamod, Z., Embi, M. A., Yunus, M. M., Lubis, M. A., & Chong, O. S. (2010). Comparative learning styles of Malay language among native and non-native students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1042-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.283
Mahamod, Z., Lasan, C. A., Yusoff, N. M. R. N., & Embi, M. A. (2009). Teaching and learning the Malay Language in the Private Institutions of Higher Learning (PIHL) in Sarawak, Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9(4), 573-585.
Mayerthaler, W. (1981). Natürliche Morphologie. Natural Morphology.) Frankfurt. Athenaion.
Mayerthaler, W. (1981). Morphologische natürlichkeit (Vol. 28). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Athenaion.
Nothofer, B. (2006). Malay.
Ramli, I., Jamil, N., Seman, N., & Ardi, N. (2015). An improved syllabification for a better Malay language text-to-speech synthesis (TTS). Procedia Computer Science, 76, 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.280
Wilts, B. D., Whitney, H. M., Glover, B. J., Steiner, U., & Vignolini, S. (2014). Natural helicoidal structures: morphology, self-assembly and optical properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 1, 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2014.09.021
Wurzel, W. U. (1994). Natural morphology. The encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 5, 2590-2598.
Yehoshua, Z., Wang, F., Rosenfeld, P. J., Penha, F. M., Feuer, W. J., & Gregori, G. (2011). Natural history of drusen morphology in age-related macular degeneration using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology, 118(12), 2434-2441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.05.008
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2019 Linguistics and Culture Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
